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05 Process management by OS

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Services Provided for Process Management by Operating Systems

  1. Process Creation and Termination

    • Definition: The OS handles the creation of new processes and the termination of existing ones.
    • Functionality: Includes allocation of resources and initialization of process attributes.

  2. Process Scheduling

    • Definition: The OS determines the order and allocation of CPU time to processes.
    • Functionality: Manages multiple processes by using various scheduling algorithms (e.g., FCFS, SJF, Round Robin).

  3. Process State Management

    • Definition: The OS tracks the state of each process (e.g., running, ready, waiting).
    • Functionality: Maintains a process control block (PCB) that stores process state information.

  4. Inter-Process Communication (IPC)

    • Definition: Mechanisms that allow processes to communicate and synchronize with each other.
    • Functionality: Includes methods such as message passing, shared memory, and semaphores.

  5. Synchronization

    • Definition: The OS provides mechanisms to ensure processes operate in a coordinated manner.
    • Functionality: Prevents race conditions and manages access to shared resources (e.g., using locks or monitors).

  6. Deadlock Detection and Recovery

    • Definition: The OS detects and resolves deadlocks that can occur when processes wait indefinitely for resources.
    • Functionality: Implements algorithms to identify deadlocks and may take actions like process termination or resource preemption.

  7. Resource Allocation

    • Definition: The OS allocates CPU, memory, and I/O devices to processes as needed.
    • Functionality: Uses various strategies to manage resource requests and allocations efficiently.

  8. Process Isolation

    • Definition: The OS ensures that processes do not interfere with each other’s execution.
    • Functionality: Implements memory protection and access controls to safeguard process memory spaces.

  9. Process State Restoration

    • Definition: The OS restores a process’s state when it is scheduled back to the CPU after being preempted.
    • Functionality: Involves loading the process’s context from the PCB.

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